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Arthrosis

The surfaces of the bone that form the joint are covered with a special hyaline cartilage, providing the lowest frictional force during motor skills of joint surfaces.If arthrosis is diagnosed, this means that cartilage is in the process of destruction.

Progressing, the destructive process applies to bones and then to the joint capsule.The disease has a universal code according to ICD 10-M15-M19, calculating it to the class of muscle tissue pathologies and bone conjunctives.

According to medical statistics, 12% of the world's population suffers from osteoarthritis, most of which elderly, 65 years old.However, every year there is an alarming tendency to increase the number of patients sick.The diagnosis is not fatal, but arthrosis is insidious with its relapses and the threat of complete disability.

The Occurrence Mechanism

The disease develops gradually, four stages can be conditionally distinguished:

  1. Initially, an area poorly supplied with blood or damaged appears in the cartilage area.Gradually, in the presence of traumatic factors, the region is not restored, but on the contrary it grows.
  2. The body, trying to restore destructive cartilage, replaces damaged areas with a mineralized tissue that does not have a clear structure.This fabric is generally with a lower replacement for Hyalin's smooth, sliding and elastic cartilage.
  3. Gradually, the cartilage surface becomes in bone scars and growths - osteophytes.
  4. The healthy areas of the load increased several times, use it very quickly and, as a result, all the cartilage turns into a large scar.

If the pathological process is not interrupted, the joint will go through the following adverse changes:

  • Bones are involved in the process of destruction;
  • The synovial shell is inflamed;
  • The joint capsule becomes denser, losing its elasticity;
  • The joint gap lumen decreases rapidly;
  • Bones, without resisting friction, are deforming, such as the articulation as a whole;
  • Articulation tissues are reborn, so there is a complete loss of the possibility of movement.

Types of arthrosis

Normal Articulation and Arthrosis

This disease absolutely affects any joint surface!At the same time, despite the same pathology mechanism, it is classified into various types.

So, depending on which joints they are sick, they distinguish:

  • knee articulation arthrosis, or patelofmoral arthrosis (abbreviated gonarthrosis);
  • Arthrosis of the hip joint (abbreviated thigh);
  • Shoulder joint arthrosis;
  • interfailed arthrosis;
  • Ankle articulation arthrosis;
  • hand arthrosis;
  • cervical arthrosis;
  • mandible arthrosis;
  • Arthrosis of Plusnephalanx Articulation;
  • iliac arthrosis;
  • Keyboard arthrosis-acrocomial;
  • Temporal arthrosis;
  • Arthrosis of the heel;
  • Arc arthrosis that affects the arc processes of vertebrae (abbreviated spondilartrosis);
  • Arthrosis of the articulation of the vertebral column joints;
  • UNGROVEVERTEL ARTROSIS;
  • arthrosis of torture;
  • Taran-Plastic arthrosis.

According to the specificities of the pathological process in cartilaginous tissue, they distinguish:

  • Deformed arthrosis is the name of the disease that has passed to the terminal internship (final);
  • Artrosoarthritis - The presence of the classic inflammatory process is characteristic;
  • chronic;
  • Acute arthrosis.

For the reasons for the occurrence of pathology, they distinguish:

  • Dystrophic arthrosis of joints associated with a critical metabolic disorder;
  • Fracture arthrosis is caused by appropriate lesions;
  • Post -traumatic arthrosis.

There is another classification - if the disease is independent or caused by thought -provoking factors:

  • Primary - arises in a completely healthy cartilage, another name - idiopathic arthrosis or appears with age -related senis changes;
  • Secondary, - caused by many reasons.

Arthrosis symptoms

There are very typical arthrosis signs of all locations, which, depending on the degree of development of the pathology, differ in its severity:

  • pain, pain, intensification with high humidity and hypothermia;
  • decreased joint mobility;
  • crispy, ranging and crossed sounds in the movements of the joint surfaces;
  • External changes in the contour of the joint;
  • swelling and swelling;
  • redness of the skin.

Pain

Initial signs of violations are felt by weak or moderate pain in the short term, which almost never occurs at night, but usually appears only with a load on the joint surface.

When inflammatory processes moved to the final stage, the patient begins to feel unbearable, "biting" the pain due to blood stagnation and increasing pressure in the joint bag.The pain is characterized by a long duration at any time of the day, and regardless of whether the affected area is in the rest or moving.

Articulation sowing

This symptom is characteristic of a very neglected disease.At the same time, in the early stages, the patient still feels in the morning, after waking up, discomfort when moving in the form of a sense of some restriction.

With the progression of destructive reactions, the patient warns:

  • restriction of the amplitude of the usual movements;
  • The inability to change the position of the limbs at rest, even trying to desert the joint manually;
  • The strong fixation (contracture) in a certain position of the joint, which for a long time was in a state of lack of motor activity.

In the end, in the fourth stage of the pathology, ancilosis is formed in the form of substitution of joint tissues to scars, with a complete loss of functionality.

Sounds at the joint

A crisis can be accompanied by any bone dysfunction and cartilage, not just caused by arthrosis.

However, this disease is characteristic that sounds:

  • arises only in the articulation that hurts;
  • accompanied by the difficulty of movement;
  • It has the ability to intensify with the progression of the pathology and fits the formation of hooks.

Changing the appearance of the joint

Noticeable changes appear in the later stages.Therefore, the axis of the affected limb is bent and the joint region itself is disfigured - it grows in size, the shape is ugly modified.

All of this indicates irreversible destruction of the joint, within which a new fabric was not formed, not having a certain structure.

If this pathogenic process has arisen in the knee, it means that the load and the Plusionlange joints will increase the load at the ankle joints, which will also damage them over time.

The causes of arthrosis

The pathology can occur in both a single joint and several.It is less likely that this disease occurs at an early age - vitality is still sufficient to self -create the body.

However, for all age groups, they are the causes of influence towards you: there are:

  • Internal - Some diseases, bad habits, unbalanced nutrition, etc.;
  • External lesions, - a professional factor.

Internal causes are causing a negative change in joint factors in the form of joint inflammation.Distinguish between inflammation of various origin:

  • Infectious (intestinal wand and koch wand, viruses, chlamydia, staphylococci, pale trekonema, etc.);
  • rheumatism;
  • purulent arthritis;
  • autoimmune nature;
  • drop;
  • psoriasis.

In addition, the causes of internal exposure include congenital or acquired violations of the cartilage tissue structure and malnutrition, which may be associated with ::

  • malfunction and genetic mutations;
  • Intrauterine development anomalies, including perinatal lesions;
  • old age;
  • Osteoporosis, that is, "leaching" of the bone tissue of the components of the elements;
  • hormonal disorders and overload, including menopause;
  • violations of normal metabolism;
  • Disadvantage in the nutrition of vitamins and tracking elements;
  • diseases that attract muscle weakness;
  • Prolonged internal poisoning.

The aggravation of many diseases of the musculoskeletal skeleton also implies cartilage degeneration.

External causes of disease development are factors that damage articulation such as:

  • frequent hypothermia;
  • displacements;
  • Strong blows;
  • fractures;
  • Menisc injections;
  • Strong physical activity (weight lifting, for example);
  • professional sports;
  • Surgical joint intervention.

Degree of arthrosis

According to clinical manifestations and the process of disease progression, four stages of arthrosis are distinguished:

  1. Arthrosis of the 1st degree, this is the initial stage of arthrosis, characterized by hidden symptoms in the form of negative changes in the composition of synovial fluid and the weakening of muscle fibers, if it appears, only with physical exertion;
  2. Second degree arthrosis is already a feeling of pain due to the destructive articulation of bones and the formation of osteophytes, neurotrophic regulation reflex is disturbed and an audible crisis appears;
  3. Third degree arthrosis is characterized by significant degenerative changes in the joint, its visible deformation with limb axis curvature, the ligament is reduced and the joint becomes pathologically mobile;
  4. The 4th degree arthrosis is complete ankylosis, complete contracture and serious pain, even at rest.

All four steps continue unevenly: during the pathological period, clear exacerbations and moments of remission are possible.

Treatment of arthrosis

Clinically proved that treatment and prevention in the way of eliminating provocative factors of hyaline cartilage damage, although they do not eliminate the disease at the early stage, but interrupt its development and restore the functionality of the joint.

Basically, the disease of small, moderate gravity is treated with conservative methods.In the case of serious destruction of the cartilage, which implied the destruction of bones, an endoprothetic surgical is indicated.

In addition, the basic principle in treatment is:

  • A comprehensive approach implying the use of various therapeutic methods;
  • Proposition, that is, the concentration of efforts in the elimination of the disease that causes the disease and the consequences.

Popular Remedies Treatment

It is treated comprehensively, but at home, you can add additionally to the healing recipes of the healing of people who offer effective health problems through herbs and beekeeping products.

The use of plants:

  • Bay leaf in the form of decoctions, vodka dyes and specially prepared oil used directly, directly to the inflammation area;
  • The treatment of honey arthrosis established itself as a reliable local potion, in the form of a rubber inflammation and nourishing the skin, muscles and cartilage;
  • Cabbage leaf - better than the white cabbage - is a little wrinkled and surrounds it with a painful point, isolated with a wool fabric on top and holds all night;
  • aloe juice in the form of compresses and rubbing on the skin;

It also helps in the knee joint arthrosis bardan: the leaf is bandaged at the painful point, which is isolated all night.

Preparations for Arthrosis

The drug treatment related to the classic therapy method is divided, depending on the form of dosage used, in the medications:

  • External use, in the form of ointment for arthrosis, friction, lotions;
  • injections;
  • arthrosis pills;
  • Capsules.

Ointments

The pharmacological industry produces medical ointments based on natural and highly active components:

  • Vishnevsky ointment;
  • Heparin ointment.

The Vestaren tool that contains 1% diclofenac helps well: Voltaren in the form of gel is applied to the skin.

Injections

Injections not only intravenous and intramuscularly, but also directly in the area of damage, for example, non -esteroid group drugs, prove very well in treatment.

Therefore, intra -articular injections are introduced into damaged joint tissues:

  • Glycocorticoids that increase cartilage fabric nutrition that relieves inflammation and increasing elasticity - diposspan, hydrocortisone, etc.
  • Condroprotectors and analogs of intra -articular, syngial, carbon fluid;
  • Hyaluronic acid as lubricant and analgesic.

Preparations in the form of tablets and capsules

CondoProtectors so called to arthrosis containing structural elements of hyaline cartilage are in medicinal therapy and restoring it.

These medications are produced in the form of tablets and capsules intended for oral administration through the gastrointestinal tract (orally).In addition, patients receive prescribed NSAIDs -Anti -inflammatory drugs for non -esteroid group arthrosis, interrupting acute pain and relieving exacerbations.

Anesthetic agents are also used in the form of a novocaine blockade.

In addition, he prescribed complex vitamins for arthrosis.

From natural medicines of local action, the medical billion, applied in the form of compresses to the skin, is recommended.

Arthrosis Exercises

Special exercises and therapeutic gymnastics (exercise therapy), whose complex provides physical activity in the harmful part of the body in moderation, proved.

Dr. Bubnovsky and Evdokimenko developed their own therapeutic exercise complexes.

Massage with arthrosis

Very beneficial affects medical treatment and massage, which improves microcirculation and nutrition of deep tissues.

Diet with arthrosis

In this state, it is important to adhere to adequate rational nutrition in order to lightly improve the patient's condition.Recommended abstinence of eating too much, exclusion of animal fats and fried foods.

That the doctor treats Arthrosv, first of all, with complaints of bone joint pain should go to the therapist.He was the one who, having summarized the patient's history and asking in detail, will give an indication to the desired narrow expert.

It may be, depending on the cause of the disease and its type, profile doctors such as:

  • orthopedist;
  • traumatologist;
  • surgeon;
  • Rheumatologist.